Macでpython3の環境構築8---NLTKのインストール2---

前回の続きです。
（前回:Macでpython3の環境構築7---NLTKのインストール1---）

nltk.download()とコマンドを打ってもうまくいかないというお話でした。

これは次のようなコマンドでも代替できるようです。

hiroshi-no-MacBook-Air:~ hiroshi$ python3 -m nltk.downloader book                
#  「python3 -m nltk.downloader book」と打ってreturnを押す。

そうすると、次のような処理が始まります。

[nltk_data] Downloading collection 'book'
[nltk_data]    |
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package abc to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package abc is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package brown to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package brown is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package chat80 to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package chat80 is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package cmudict to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package cmudict is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package conll2000 to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package conll2000 is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package conll2002 to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package conll2002 is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package dependency_treebank to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package dependency_treebank is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package genesis to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package genesis is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package gutenberg to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package gutenberg is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package ieer to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package ieer is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package inaugural to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package inaugural is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package movie_reviews to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package movie_reviews is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package nps_chat to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package nps_chat is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package names to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package names is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package ppattach to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package ppattach is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package reuters to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Package reuters is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package senseval to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/senseval.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package state_union to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/state_union.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package stopwords to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/stopwords.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package swadesh to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/swadesh.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package timit to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/timit.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package treebank to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/treebank.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package toolbox to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/toolbox.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package udhr to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/udhr.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package udhr2 to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/udhr2.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package unicode_samples to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/unicode_samples.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package webtext to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/webtext.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package wordnet to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/wordnet.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package wordnet_ic to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/wordnet_ic.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package words to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/words.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package maxent_treebank_pos_tagger to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping taggers/maxent_treebank_pos_tagger.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package maxent_ne_chunker to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping chunkers/maxent_ne_chunker.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package universal_tagset to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping taggers/universal_tagset.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package punkt to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping tokenizers/punkt.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package book_grammars to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping grammars/book_grammars.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package city_database to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping corpora/city_database.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package tagsets to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |   Unzipping help/tagsets.zip.
[nltk_data]    | Downloading package panlex_swadesh to
[nltk_data]    |     /Users/hiroshi/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]    |
[nltk_data]  Done downloading collection book
hiroshi-no-MacBook-Air:~ hiroshi$

では、次にそのまま、

hiroshi-no-MacBook-Air:~ hiroshi$ from nltk.book import *             
 #       $のあとにいきなり「from nltk.book import *」と打ってもうまくはいかない。

としても。。。

from: can't read /var/mail/nltk.book
hiroshi-no-MacBook-Air:~ hiroshi$

と返されうまくいきません。

今度はこうしてみます。

hiroshi-no-MacBook-Air:~ hiroshi$ python3

そうすると、こうなります。

Python 3.4.3 (default, Aug 11 2015, 08:57:25)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

また入力の待ち状態になるので、続けて二つコマンドを打ってみます。

>>> import nltk      #  「import nltk」と打ってreturnを押す。
>>> text1               #    続けてtext1と打ってreturnを押す。

それでも、やはりこうなってしまい失敗。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
NameError: name 'text1' is not defined
>>>

今度は、こうしてみます。

>>> from nltk.book import *         #  「from nltk.book import *」と打ってreturnを押す。

そうすると次のようになります。

*** Introductory Examples for the NLTK Book ***
Loading text1, ..., text9 and sent1, ..., sent9
Type the name of the text or sentence to view it.
Type: 'texts()' or 'sents()' to list the materials.
text1: Moby Dick by Herman Melville 1851
text2: Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen 1811
text3: The Book of Genesis
text4: Inaugural Address Corpus
text5: Chat Corpus
text6: Monty Python and the Holy Grail
text7: Wall Street Journal
text8: Personals Corpus
text9: The Man Who Was Thursday by G . K . Chesterton 1908
>>>

最後に、「text1」と打って

>>> text1

<Text : Moby Dick by Herman Melvile 1851 >

>>> 

となり、なんとか成功しました。

まとめとしては、「python3 -m nltk.downloader book」を行ったあとは

1. python3  とコマンドを打つ。
2. import nltk とコマンドを打つ。
3. from nltk.book import * とコマンドを打つ。
4. 最後にtext1と打って、上記のように表示されれば成功。

となります。

参考にしたページや文献・書籍
NLTKの公式サイト

NLTKについくるサンプルのデータのページ

NLTK（てくてくラボ）

[python] 自然言語処理ライブラリ をインストール

NLTK導入メモ

Natural Language Processing